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5. Chalukyan Age
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1. The Badami Chalukyas ruled during which period?
2. Consider the following pairs of Chalukyan branches and their period of rule:
(I) Vemulavada Chalukyas – 750 – 973 A.D.
(II) Mudigonda Chalukyas – 850 – 1200 A.D.
(III) Kalyani Chalukyas – 973 – 1157 A.D.
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
3. Who is regarded as the founder of the Chalukya dynasty, having defeated the Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta?
4. Who founded the independent Chalukyan dynasty by raising Chalukyan authority from feudatory level to an independent kingdom?
5. In which year did Pulakesi I occupy Vatapi and build a strong fort there, making it his capital?
6. Who was the first Chalukyan ruler to assume the title "maharaja"?
7. Which Chalukyan ruler is credited by historians as the first to build Vatapi (Badami) into a beautiful city?
8. Keertivarma extended Chalukyan authority up to which region by defeating the Mauryas who ruled there?
9. Mangalesa expanded the Chalukyan kingdom by conquering which island?
10. The war of succession between Pulakesi II and Mangalesa is recorded in which inscription?
11. What is the royal emblem of the Chalukya dynasty?
12. The Aihole (Ayyavolu) prasasti, the main source for Pulakesi II's reign, was written by whom?
13. Which inscription informs that Amoghavarsha I's feudatory, Gunaga Vijayaditya, paid tribute to him?
14. Which inscription records that Gunaga Vijayaditya, unlike other feudatories, personally cleaned Amoghavarsha's walking path?
15. Which inscription shows that Vishnuvardhana had assumed the title of maharaja and ruled Vengi independently?
16. The Kurkyala inscription (940 A.D.), written by Jayavallabha, records that the poet Pampa wrote which work in 941 A.D.?
17. Which Jain scholar wrote "Yasastilaka Champukavyam," also known as "Yasodhara Charitra"?
18. Gold coins bearing the name "Chalukya Chandra" were issued during the time of which Eastern Chalukya ruler?
19. What was the name of the gold coin used during the Chalukyan age, weighing 88 grains?
20. What was the name of the silver coin used during the Chalukyan age?
21. The Nava Brahma temples, built by the Western Chalukyas, are located at which place?
22. As per the Solanki inscriptions of Gujarat, the founder of the Chalukya dynasty was said to be born from which part of Brahma?
23. Which work of Bilhana narrates a variant version of the "born from Brahma's palm" legend of the Chalukyas' origin?
24. The word "Chalika," possibly an early form of "Chalukya," is first found in a third-century C.E. inscription of which dynasty at Nagarjunakonda?
25. Dr. Rice held the theory that the Chalukyas may have belonged to the family of which Central Asian figure, based on similarity of names?
26. Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang referred to Pulakesi II by which title?
27. Pulakesi II is compared by historians to which North Indian emperors for his greatness?
28. Pulakesi II defeated Harshavardhana on the banks of which river?
29. What title did Pulakesi II assume after defeating Harshavardhana?
30. Consider the following statements regarding Pulakesi II's eastern campaign into Vengi:
(I) He entered Vengi through Kalinga.
(II) He first fought and defeated the Durjayas in the Pishtapuram and Kunala battles.
(III) He appointed his brother Kubja Vishnuvardhana as viceroy of the conquered region.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
31. Which minister of Pulakesi II composed the Aihole prasasti describing his military campaigns?
32. In which battle did Pulakesi II defeat Pallava king Mahendravarma?
33. Pulakesi II was killed in battle against which Pallava ruler?
34. Which Chinese traveller visited the court of Pulakesi II in 641 A.D.?
35. Who among the following sons of Pulakesi II succeeded him and saved the kingdom from Pallava attacks?
36. Vikramaditya, son of Pulakesi II, appointed his brother Jaysimhavarma as viceroy of which region?
37. Vinayaditya, son of Vikramaditya, lost his life in which battle?
38. Vijayaditya adopted which two symbols as his official emblem?
39. During the reign of Vikramaditya II, the Badami Chalukyas had to confront the increasing power of which foreign force in the Sindh region?
40. Which Pallava king, a contemporary of Vikramaditya II, assumed the title "Pallavamalla"?
41. Vikramaditya II's wives, Lokamahadevi and Rajaneetrailokyadevi, built which two temples at Pattadakal in their own names?
42. Who was the last ruler of the Western (Badami) Chalukya dynasty?
43. Which Rashtrakuta ruler overthrew the Badami Chalukya dynasty in C.E. 752?
44. Consider the following statements regarding the reign of Keertivarma II, the last Badami Chalukya ruler:
(I) He faced the rising power of Dantidurga, who occupied the Ellora region.
(II) The Chalukya feudatory kings of Kosala and Kalinga and the Telugu Cholas turned toward Dantidurga.
(III) He was defeated and the Rashtrakuta kingdom was established in Karnataka in C.E. 752.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
45. Inscriptions explaining the decline of Badami Chalukya authority are found in the surrounding areas of Maharashtra — which two are named?
46. Consider the following pairs of Badami Chalukya rulers and their reign periods:
(I) Pulakesi II – 609 – 642 A.D.
(II) Vikramaditya – 642 – 680 A.D.
(III) Vinayaditya – 680 – 696 A.D.
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
47. In which year did effective Eastern Chalukya (Vengi Chalukya) authority over Vengi begin, when Pulakesi II appointed his brother as viceroy there?
48. Who is regarded as the founder of the Vengi Chalukya kingdom?
49. Consider the following statements regarding the three phases of Eastern Chalukya (Vengi) rule:
(I) The first phase (C.E. 624–753) was characterised by peace and tranquility.
(II) The second phase (C.E. 753–973) was marked by deadly enmity between the Vengi Chalukyas and the Rashtrakutas.
(III) The third phase (C.E. 973–1075) signified the decline of Rashtrakuta power and the emergence of the Kalyani Chalukyas.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
50. Which inscription of C.E. 631 records that Pulakesi II permitted Kubja Vishnuvardhana to rule Vengi independently?
51. Kubja Vishnuvardhana defeated which Ganga dynasty ruler of Kalinga and made him his feudatory?
52. Kubja Vishnuvardhana's wife, Ayyanamahadevi, favoured which religion and built a monastery for it at Bezawada?
53. Kubja Vishnuvardhana is believed to have died fighting alongside his brother Pulakesi II in a battle against which Pallava ruler?
54. The first Telugu inscription of the Eastern Chalukyas was issued during the reign of which ruler?
55. Who succeeded Jayasimha I (Jayasimhavallabha I) and ruled for only seven days, issuing the Kondanagoor inscription?
56. Wars of succession began in the Eastern Chalukya dynasty from the time of which ruler?
57. Which Rashtrakuta ruler ended the Badami Chalukya dynasty around C.E. 755, marking the start of the second phase of Eastern Chalukya history?
58. During the reign of Vishnuvardhana IV, which Vemulavada Chalukya ruler was sent by Rashtrakuta Dhruva to defeat him?
59. Vijayaditya II fought 108 battles over twelve years with the help of which dynasty to occupy Vengi?
60. It is said that Vijayaditya II built how many Siva temples, one at each place he fought a battle?
61. Which town is said to have got its name because of Vijayaditya II?
62. Gunaga Vijayaditya (Vijayaditya III) took charge of the Pali dhvaja and which torana as symbols of Eastern Chalukya supreme authority?
63. Gunaga Vijayaditya appointed which brahmin commander-in-chief, who conquered Boya Kottas and held Nellore?
64. Gunaga Vijayaditya's authority extended from Mahanandi to which lake, marking the peak of Eastern Chalukya power?
65. Rashtrakuta king Krishna II, after being defeated by Gunaga Vijayaditya, accepted his sovereignty as recorded in which set of inscriptions?
66. Which Ganga king annexed the Trikalinga kingdom, taking advantage of the internal quarrels in the Vengi Chalukya dynasty after Gunaga Vijayaditya's death?
67. Consider the following statements regarding Gunaga Vijayaditya (Vijayaditya III):
(I) He was also referred to as Gunaka Vijayaditya.
(II) He conquered Gangavadi and Nolambavadi in C.E. 870.
(III) After his death, quarrels started in the Vengi Chalukya dynasty over the throne.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
68. Chalukya Bhima I's accession was opposed by which uncle, who sought Rashtrakuta help?
69. Which Vemulavada king, insulted during Gunaga Vijayaditya's time, captured Chalukya Bhima in the war at Kolleru?
70. The Koravi copper-plate inscription (C.E. 935) informs that Chalukya Bhima made which relative his Dandanadha (commander-in-chief) to defeat the Rashtrakuta army?
71. Chalukya Bhima I installed which temple at Draksharamam?
72. As per his own inscriptions, how many battles did Chalukya Bhima I wage during his 30-year rule?
73. Vijayaditya IV (Kollabhiganda) died in the Viraja battle fought against which ruler?
74. Which Eastern Chalukya ruler is credited with establishing Rajamahendrapuram as the Chalukyan capital?
75. Who drove away Yuddhamalla II and occupied the Vengi throne, killing his competitors Tatabikki, Rajamarthanda and others?
76. Ammaraju II's brother, who killed him and ascended the Vengi throne with the help of Rashtrakuta Krishna III and the Mudigonda Chalukyas, was:
77. Danarnava gifted away Pottapinadu to which dynasty, who had helped him?
78. Who attacked and killed Danarnava, declaring himself king and bringing Vengi political history into its "third stage"?
79. Danarnava's sons, Saktivarma and Vimaladitya, fled to Kalinga and later sought shelter from which dynasty against Jatachoda Bhima?
80. Chola king Rajaraja gave his daughter Kundavva in marriage to which Vengi Chalukya prince to strengthen ties?
81. In which year did Jatachoda Bhima die in battle near Kanchipuram against Saktivarma and the Chola army?
82. Saktivarma bore which title, coins of which were found on the Arakan coast?
83. Vimaladitya, though a Saiva in the beginning, later accepted which religion?
84. Consider the following pairs regarding Vimaladitya's wives and their sons:
(I) Kundavva (Chola princess) – Rajaraja Narendra
(II) Melima (Telugu Choda princess) – Vijayaditya
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
85. Who celebrated the coronation of Rajaraja Narendra on 16th August, C.E. 1022, after invading Vengi and defeating Vijayaditya?
86. Rajaraja Narendra's court poet, who began writing the Andhra Mahabharata in Telugu, was:
87. In which battle/war of C.E. 1053 did Chola Rajadhiraja die, resulting in Rajaraja Narendra having to accept Western Chalukya supremacy?
88. In which year did Vijayaditya (VII) die, marking the end of the Vengi Chalukya dynasty?
89. Rajendra, who finally joined Vengi to the Chola empire, ascended the Chola throne under which title?
90. Which Western Chalukya (Kalyani Chalukya) king foiled Chola efforts and established Kalyani Chalukyan dominance at Vengi following Jayasimha's death?
91. Consider the following statements regarding the end of the Vengi Chalukya dynasty:
(I) Rajendra Chola II tried to drive Vijayaditya VII from Vengi to restore Rajendra to his father's kingdom.
(II) Virarajendra conquered Vengi, Kalinga and Chakrakuta in C.E. 1067.
(III) Rajendra's army was defeated by Vijayaditya with the help of Rajraja Devendra Varma of Kalinga and Yasahkarnadeva, the Chedi king.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
92. The Vemulavada Chalukyas ruled which region as feudatories of the Rashtrakutas?
93. Who is regarded as the founder of the Vemulavada Chalukyan kingdom, having served as commander-in-chief of Dantidurga?
94. Vinayaditya Yuddhamalla ruled with which city as his capital, before it was later shifted?
95. During the war of succession between Rashtrakuta Dhruva and Govinda II, which side did Arikesari I support?
96. As a mark of victory, Dhruva gifted Arikesari I areas in Nagarkurnool (Mahaboobnagar district) and which other district?
97. Which Vemulavada Chalukya ruler held the title "soladaganda," meaning a warrior who knew no defeat, after winning forty-two battles?
98. Consider the following statements regarding Baddega, the Vemulavada Chalukya ruler:
(I) He invaded Vengi and took Chalukya Bhima into custody.
(II) He was defeated by Kusumayudha of the Mudigonda Chalukya dynasty.
(III) He built a temple at Vemulavada known as the Baddegeswara temple.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
99. Narasimha II, feudatory of Rashtrakuta Indra III, defeated which Gurjara Prathihara ruler in his northern military expedition?
100. Narasimha II's wife, Jakavva, was the sister of which Rashtrakuta ruler, and became the mother of Arikesari II?
101. Which Vemulavada Chalukya ruler is most admired as a scholar, warrior, great organiser and patron of poets, during whose rule Pampa wrote "Vikramarjuna Vijayam"?
102. Arikesari II helped install which ruler, under the name Amoghavarsha III, on the Rashtrakuta throne after defeating Govinda IV?
103. In Vikramarjuna Vijayam, the poet Pampa compared Arikesari II to which epic hero?
104. Vegaraju, eldest son of Arikesari II, ruled with which town as his capital?
105. Baddega II (Bhadradeva) built a Jaina monastery of Gauda Sangha at Vemulavada, named:
106. Who was the last king of the Vemulavada Chalukya dynasty?
107. In which year did Arikesari III destroy the Rashtrakuta dynasty and establish the Kalyani Chalukya kingdom with Tailapa II as king?
108. Which temple built by the Vemulavada Chalukyas at their capital became famous as a Saiva temple of their time?
109. Which Jain scholar associated with the Vemulavada kings wrote "Yasastilaka" and "Neetikavyamrutam"?
110. Jinavallabha, brother of the poet Pampa, had the statue of which Jain goddess carved on a hillock near Kurkyala village?
111. Consider the following pairs of Vemulavada Chalukya rulers and their reign periods:
(I) Arikesari I – 775 – 800 A.D.
(II) Baddega – 850 – 895 A.D.
(III) Arikesari II – 930 – 955 A.D.
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
112. The Mudigonda Chalukyas ruled over Manchikondanadu in Koraviseema, with which town as their capital?
113. The Khammam and Warangal areas together came to be known by which name during Mudigonda Chalukya times?
114. Who was the founder of the Mudigonda Chalukyan dynasty, acquiring Koravi mandalam with the help of the Eastern Chalukyas?
115. Kusumayudha (Kusumayudhudu), son of Ranamardhudu, freed which Vengi Chalukya ruler from Rashtrakuta Krishna II's captivity and installed him on the throne?
116. Gonagaiah, son of Kusumayudha, was named after which Eastern Chalukya ruler, out of regard for him?
117. Who removed Gonagaiah and himself ascended the Mudigonda Chalukyan throne, as recorded by the Koravi inscription?
118. Rashtrakuta king Krishna II appointed which commander-in-chief as administrator over Kurravadi, whose line eventually established the Kakatiya dynasty?
119. Which town did Yeriya make his capital, with which the Kakatiya dynasty was installed?
120. Which Vengi Chalukya ruler made Kakartya Gundana ruler of Natavadi and tried to send the Mudigonda Chalukyas to the Renati region?
121. Which Kalyani Chalukya ruler's commander, Viriyala Yerrabhupati, defeated Kakartya Gundana and installed Bottu Betadu as king in Koraviseema?
122. Whose wife, Kamasani, felt sympathy for the minor Garuda Betaraju and sought Tailapa's help to restore the kingdom to him?
123. According to the Palampeta inscription, which Kakatiya ruler invaded the Mudigonda Chalukyas (feudatories of the Kalyani Chalukyas) and drove them away?
124. Who was the last ruler among the Mudigonda Chalukyas, as learnt from the Krivvaka inscription?
125. Which Kakatiya ruler invaded and defeated Nagatiraju, bringing the Mudigonda Chalukyan kingdom into the Kakatiya empire?
126. Consider the following statements regarding the sources for Mudigonda Chalukya history:
(I) The Koravi copper-plate inscription (C.E. 935) covers the period up to the Eastern Chalukyan age.
(II) The Viriyalavari Gudoor inscription (C.E. 1124) is a source for later Mudigonda Chalukya history.
(III) These inscriptions contain clear dates and adequate information, giving full clarity on Mudigonda Chalukya history.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
127. The Kalyani Chalukyas are also known by which alternate name?
128. Which two works, written by Meruthunga Charyulu, state that the Kalyani Chalukyas belong to Telangana?
129. Who established the sovereignty of the Kalyani Chalukyas by defeating Karka II, the last Rashtrakuta king, in C.E. 973?
130. What was the first capital of the Kalyani Chalukyas, before it was later shifted to Kalyani?
131. In C.E. 992, Tailapa II defeated which Chola king and took away his elephant force as a gift?
132. Tailapa II's rival in the north, whom he defeated and killed with the help of his feudatory Yadava Bhillama, was:
133. Which poet, one of the "kaviratnatrayam" in Kannada literature, flourished in the court of Tailapa II?
134. Satyasraya, son of Tailapa II, gave protection to which two sons of Danarnava, sheltering them from the Cholas?
135. The Mattur inscription (C.E. 1007), which records the butchering of people and the looting of the kingdom near Donapoor, belongs to whose reign?
136. Who assumed royal authority in C.E. 1008 as Satyasraya had no sons, ruling with the title "tribhuvanamalla"?
137. Jayasimha II was defeated by Rajendra Chola in which battle, after which the Cholas occupied Rattapadi areas by C.E. 1026?
138. Due to the encouragement of his queens Devalamahadevi and Suggaladevi, Jayasimha II gave up Jain principles and accepted which faith?
139. Who is considered the greatest among the Kalyani Chalukyas, credited by Bilhana with building the city of Kalyani and making it his capital?
140. Which Kakatiya ruler was given control over Hanumakonda by Someswara I in appreciation of his services in the Konkan and Chakrakuta expedition?
141. In the Kopparam battle of C.E. 1053–54, the Western Chalukyas killed which Chola ruler?
142. Someswara I ended his life by jumping into which river on 28th March C.E. 1068, after failing to appear for battle and losing the kingdom to Virarajendra?
143. Someswara II was defeated and had his kingdom occupied by which younger brother, who had been placed in charge of protecting Gangavadi?
144. Which new era did Vikramaditya VI start in the very first year of his reign, replacing the earlier Salivahana era?
145. Which two poets were patronised in the court of Vikramaditya VI?
146. Someswara III, son of Vikramaditya VI, wrote which encyclopedic work, also called "manasollasam"?
147. Which minister of Tailapa III, discharging duties as minister, gradually grew stronger and secured the cooperation of feudatory kingdoms?
148. In which year did Kalachuri Bijjala drive away Tailapa III from Kalyani?
149. Which Hoyasala ruler defeated Someswara IV (son of Tailapa III) at Kalyani in C.E. 1183, effectively ending the Kalyani Chalukyan dynasty?
150. Consider the following pairs of Kalyani Chalukya rulers and their reign periods:
(I) Tailapa II – 973 – 997 A.D.
(II) Someswara I – 1042 – 1068 A.D.
(III) Vikramaditya VI – 1076 – 1126 A.D.
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
151. What was the basic nature of Chalukyan government?
152. Kingly authority in the Chalukyan age consisted of seven items (saptanga). Which of the following is NOT one of them?
153. What was the crown prince, who assisted the king in administration, also called?
154. Consider the following statements regarding the Chalukyan council of ministers:
(I) It included the minister, commander-in-chief, treasurer, purohit and yuvaraja.
(II) These posts were held hereditarily and were reserved exclusively for brahmins throughout the Chalukyan period.
(III) During Chalukyan times, these posts were gradually also held by Sudras.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
155. In the Vemulavadi inscription of Arikesari II, which term refers to employees who perhaps served as department supervisors?
156. Consider the following pairs of Chalukyan administrative units and their heads:
(I) Rashtra (province) – Rashtradhipati
(II) Vishaya (Nadu) – Vishyadhipati
(III) Village – Gramani
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
157. How many vishayas existed in Venginadu, as learnt from inscriptions?
158. In Southern Andhra, what were rashtras (provinces) called?
159. What was described as the "foundation for the administrative system" in the Chalukyan age?
160. During the time of which dynasty were "Gramikas" the important village officers?
161. The Machilipatnam inscription of Chalukya Bhima II informs that village administration was carried through:
162. What was the main source of income for the Chalukyan government?
163. What was the method called, in which some villages decided a yearly tax for the entire village rather than individual taxes?
164. Land tax during the Chalukyan age generally amounted to what fraction of the produce?
165. What term indicates full tax exemption granted at the time of donating agraharas?
166. The Koravi inscription of Niravadya (Mudigonda Chalukya king, C.E. 935) records that in Telangana, taxes were collected by kings from village leaders as a:
167. As per Sukra's "Neetisaram," what fraction of income was a king expected to spend on the army?
168. Who remained the chief justice of the kingdom in the Chalukyan judicial system?
169. What were the special judges, who resolved disputes between villages over land borders or water use, called?
170. Judgments in the Chalukyan judicial system were issued in the name of "jayapatras," with special officers called "mudravartulas" responsible for:
171. According to the Kollipara copper-plate inscription, which Vemulavada Chalukya ruler, as a judge, established a court named "dharma sabha"?
172. Which village official was responsible for preventing thefts, and had to pay the cost of stolen articles if he failed to catch the thief — a method known as "atchukavali"?
173. As per the codes of Saktivarma, followed by the Mudigonda and Vengi Chalukyas, how many drammas were levied as penalty for killing a person?
174. As per the Srimadhavigeya maharaja inscription of Vaidumba king Bhuvanatrinetra, what punishment was imposed on women in cases of sexual atrocities?
175. The Aihole inscription of Pulakesi II gives details of how many types of army organisations?
176. Consider the following statements regarding the six types of army organisation described in the Aihole inscription:
(I) "Mula" refers to the hereditary force.
(II) "Atavika" refers to forces of forest-based tribes.
(III) "Amitra" refers to armies of friendly kingdoms.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
177. What were army employees called (meaning "Great Commander-in-Chief") in the Chalukyan age?
178. Who bore full responsibility for the protection of a fort in the Chalukyan military organisation?
179. For tax purposes, Chalukyan-age agricultural lands were divided into how many types?
180. Which tank, mentioned in the Tadikonda inscription of Ammaraju II, still supplies water to cultivated lands today?
181. A Western Chalukya inscription mentions a big tank called "Ananta Sarovaram" located in which town?
182. Feudatories of which Chola ruler dug the Polinayaka and Potta tanks?
183. What term indicated the extent of tax exemption given when land was donated?
184. Consider the following statements regarding land-related taxes in the Chalukyan age:
(I) "Ari" was the tax paid after a change of crop.
(II) "Siddhayam" was a tax levied even if the crop did not come up.
(III) Nobody could hold personal rights over banjar land.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
185. Which work explains crop conditions, types, and their relationship with rain in the Chalukyan age?
186. As per King Vijayaditya's tax schedule for lands in Malliswaradeva town (Vengi mandalam), what was the tax on dry land per putti?
187. Which oil-extractor caste, along with potterer, blacksmith, carpenter, and basket maker, was given tax-free lands per an inscription from the Draksharamam area?
188. Powerful trade guilds during the Chalukyan age carried on brisk trade mainly in weapons, luxury articles, spices, and which other items?
189. Which town's fair, mentioned in an inscription, used to be held every Thursday?
190. Business in the Chalukyan age was mainly in the hands of the vaisyas, called:
191. Which city became a leading trade centre with 18 leading cities in the Vengi kingdom as central points?
192. Which town was considered a leading port town of the Chalukyan period?
193. Consider the following pairs of Andhra port towns and the Tamil-derived names given to them during this period:
(I) Visakhapatnam – Kulottunga Cholapattanam
(II) Ghantasala – Chola Pandyapuram
(III) Motupalli – Deseeyakonda pattanam
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
194. Presence of Eastern Chalukyan coins in which two countries testifies to their continental trade?
195. As per Pavuluri Mallanna's work, how many "gokara kanulu" equalled 1 "sorakani"?
196. What was the name of the tax that existed in the name of "Kolpuveesalu," related to grain and other goods being measured?
197. Why did the Chalukyas not carry on much direct foreign (overseas) trade?
198. Which 12th-century scholar gave the prices of commodities of his time in his work "Sarasangrahaganitam"?
199. What gained prominence and took stable shape during the Chalukyan period, as known from inscriptions?
200. From which age onward was Sanskrit education made open to all, unlike earlier times?
201. In the Chalukyan four-fold varna system, which caste held the first place in society?
202. The practice of granting agraharas to brahmins was personally started by which ruler?
203. In the Ghantasala area, house sites were given to how many brahmin families during Chalukyan times?
204. From the Chalukyan time onward, people of every caste began to claim their origin from a pristine Purana personality, claiming to belong to which two vamsas?
205. In the four-fold varna organisation, vaisyas — whose occupation was trade — were also called sreshti, setti and:
206. Vaisyas formed themselves into an organisation for their rights, called:
207. Who was the caste goddess of the vaisyas at Penugonda?
208. Which sudra divisions came about as per regional divisions such as Velanadu and Kammanadu?
209. Consider the following statements regarding sudra feudatory dynasties in the Chalukyan age:
(I) Velanati kings belonged to sudra caste.
(II) Kondapadamatlu, Tyagi and Parichchedi feudatories belonged to sudra caste.
(III) Only brahmins were ever appointed as feudatory kings during Chalukyan rule.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
210. The organisation "sanimunnurvuru" informs that which group also got organised into guilds to protect their rights?
211. Which Chola princess, married to a Vengi Chalukya king, is cited (along with Ammangadevi and Madhurantaki) as evidence of Chola influence over the Vengi monarchy through royal marriage alliances?
212. Besides upper caste ladies, which other group is noted as gaining skill in fine arts and other forms of education during the Chalukyan age?
213. In the Peddamaddali inscription, it is said that which scholar studied seventy commentaries on Logic alone?
214. What was the most eminent educational centre of the Chalukyan age called?
215. What were those who graduated from a Ghatika called?
216. Which inscription mentions that boarding arrangements were provided for more than ninety students at an educational centre?
217. Rajaraja Narendra stated he had studied Puranas, dharmasastras, kavyas and dramas, and took interest in which subject?
218. Which town had a big library run, attached to an educational centre, during the Chalukyan age?
219. Pavuluri Mallanna, who lived during the time of Rajaraja Narendra, translated "Ganitasastram" (written by the Jain scholar Mahaviracharya) into Telugu under which title?
220. Which scholar, who propagated the "purvamimamsa Vedanta" method, belonged to the Chalukyan age?
221. It became a tradition that the number of wars fought had to be equalled by temple construction. How many temples did Vijayaditya II, who waged 108 wars, build?
222. Chalukya Bhima, who waged 360 wars, is said to have built how many temples?
223. The temple group at Bikkavolu was constructed during the time of which ruler?
224. The Bezawada inscription (C.E. 930) of Yuddhamalla records that in Chebrolu, whose jatara procession was taken from Chebrolu to Bezawada?
225. Consider the following statements regarding Saivism during the Chalukyan age:
(I) Srisailam, Alampuram and Draksharamam had been exclusively Saiva centres.
(II) Srisailam has been described by Bhavabhuti as a Kapalika centre.
(III) Basaveswara started the Vira Saiva movement in Karnataka.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
226. Which two Virasaiva propagators, before Basaveswara, are said to have gotten his head cut and received it back, and kept fire in his upper garment respectively, to prove the superiority of Siva?
227. What was Virasaivism called, meaning "end of agama"?
228. After Basaveswara, which figure propagated Saivism further, exterminating Jains and Buddhists while travelling around the country?
229. Vaishnavism began to compete with Saivism due to the new vigour brought by the propagation of which figure?
230. "Keyurabahu Charithra" informs that which minister carried out Vishnu installation in 32 temple centres?
231. Who propagated Vira Vaishnavism?
232. From the sentence "Chaityamatynatam yatra nana chitrasuchitatvam" found in Amaravati inscriptions, it is understood that the Dhanyakataka Chaitya did not suffer loss, but Buddha was worshipped as an incarnation of which deity?
233. After which centuries did Buddhism begin declining in the region, as a result of extremist Saiva propaganda by Panditaradhya?
234. Ayyanamahadevi, queen of Kubjavishnuvardhana, established which Jain institution at Bezawada?
235. At which town alone were there said to be around 500 Jain Vasadis (places of stay for Jain monks)?
236. Which minister of Rachamalla Gangaraju installed the idol of Gomattheswara at Sravanabelagola in Karnataka around C.E. 970–990?
237. Which Jainacharya associated with the Vemulavada kings wrote "Yasastilaka" (also called Yasodhara Charitra) and "Neetikavyamrutam"?
238. On the present-day Padmavathi hillock in Hanumakonda, images of which Jain Tirthankaras are found?
239. Which Telugu poet is described as the first to be honoured by the royal dynasty, holding the title "Kavirajasekhara" for his work "Kumarasambhavam"?
240. Which dynasty, for the first time, gave the honour of official language to Telugu?
241. Which was the first Eastern Chalukyan inscription in Telugu, issued during the reign of Jayasimhavallabha I?
242. Mallikarjuna Panditaradhya's work "Sivatatvasaram," with more than 400 kanda verses, is recognised by scholars as the first work in which literary style ("Prakriya") in Telugu?
243. Consider the following statements regarding Telugu literary development in the Chalukyan age:
(I) Renati Cholas were the first to introduce the practice of getting royal inscriptions written in Telugu.
(II) By the time of Gunaga Vijayaditya, Telugu had come under Sanskrit's influence.
(III) Nannaya's "Andhra Mahabharata" was assisted by Narayanabhattu.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
244. Scholars opine that which poet was the greatest not only among the poets of the Chalukyan age but among all Telugu poets, and wrote "Nirvachanottara Ramayana" dedicated to Manumasiddhi?
245. Which two works, in Telugu, were written by Palkuriki Somanatha?
246. Who wrote "Markandeya Purana" in Telugu, belonging to the Chalukyan age?
247. As many as around 70 temples at Aihole and how many temples at Pattadakal were constructed by the early Chalukyas, exhibiting their architectural styles?
248. What structural feature, consisting of a rectangular platform with a row of pillars but no walls, is found among the early Chalukyan temples at Aihole, possibly used as a meeting place for village elders?
249. Among the nine Navabrahma temples at Alampur, which one was the biggest?
250. The Bhimeswara temple at Vemulavada, built by Baddega, was earlier known by which name?
251. On the northern wall of the sanctum sanctorium of the Bhimalingeswara temple at Vemulavada, which sculpture was carved?
252. Vijayaditya II stated he built how many temples?
253. Inscriptional evidence states which ruler built the Vijayeswara temple at Bikkavolu?
254. Which queen, wife of Vikramaditya II, built a magnificent Saiva temple at Pattadakal as a mark of her husband's victories?
255. Among the six temples built by Gunaga Vijayaditya at Bikkavolu, which one alone remains in good (not ruined) condition?
256. The Rajarajeswara temple at Bikkavolu, though originally built earlier, was built (in its later rebuilt form associated with) by which ruler?
257. Chalukya Bhima I honoured which adept in Gandharva Vidya (music) with a land donation, whose father Mallappa was compared to Tumbura?
258. The painting in cave temples two and three at Badami (C.E. 578) is regarded as wonderful testimony to which style of painting?
259. Which pastime of the Chalukyan period is described as "an admixture of dance and singing"?