Bahamani Sultans

1. Who founded the Bahamani dynasty?

2. In which year was the Bahamani kingdom established?

3. Which independent kingdom was established at Hampi in 1336, shortly before the Bahamani kingdom?

4. Which city served as the first capital of the Bahamani kingdom?

5. Consider the following statements regarding the founding of the Bahamani dynasty: (I) The Amirs of the Deccan first elected the elderly noble Ismail Mukh as their leader. (II) Ismail Mukh handed power over to Hasan Ali, who then founded the dynasty. (III) The whole of the Deccan slipped out of Delhi's control within Muhammad bin Tughluq's lifetime. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

6. Which text is described as the work of Isami and is a chief source of Bahamani history?

7. "Bahaman Namah," one of the sources of Bahamani history, was written by whom?

8. Which travel account gives details of Bahamani rule?

9. Who wrote "Burhan-i-Masir," a chief source for Bahamani administrative history?

10. Consider the following pairs: (I) Fatwat-ut-Salatin – Isami (II) Rehalla – Ibn Batuta (III) Burhan-i-Masir – Tabtaba Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

11. Whose writings explain the socio-religious and cultural conditions of the Bahamani period?

12. The Bahamani kingdom is recognized as the first rule of which kind established in South India?

13. As per the medieval theory of kingship followed by many Delhi and Bahamani sultans, the ruler was regarded as which of the following?

14. Who wrote that the emperor/Khalifa is "God's shadow on earth" (Sultan Zill Allah-Fil-Arj)?

15. Who was the first Prime Minister (Vakil-i-Sultanate) of the Bahamani kingdom?

16. Under Malik Saifuddin Ghori's administration, which region marked the western extent of the Bahamani kingdom?

17. Which official held authority over Bidar, Kaulas, and the Telangana districts under early Bahamani administration?

18. Consider the following statements regarding the seven administrative units introduced as per the Burhan-i-Masir: (I) Sahib-e-Arj supervised the army. (II) Diwan served as the Finance Minister. (III) Hajib-Ul-Khasba was the Commissioner of the City. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

19. In the seven-unit administrative system per Burhan-i-Masir, which official was designated as the Left Wing Commander?

20. Who looked after divine (religious) affairs in the original seven-unit Bahamani administrative system?

21. In the seven-member advisory council introduced by Hasan's successors, who acted as Vice-Sultan (Naib-Badshah) whenever the Sultan was away?

22. Which officer in the advisory council was responsible for revenue collection, including land tax, irrigation tax, and forest tax?

23. Which officer of the advisory council handled foreign affairs, including sending ambassadors?

24. In the advisory council, who served as the Auditor?

25. Sadar Jahan, a member of the seven-member advisory council, held which position?

26. Who held the position of Chief Supervisor of the Royal Palace (Vakil-i-Daar) under the palace administrative system introduced by Alauddin Hasan?

27. Which royal palace officer was responsible for welcoming and introducing guests and reading the King's messages in court?

28. Who led the personal bodyguards of the Royal Palace, as per the palace administrative posts created under the Bahamanis?

29. Which palace official supervised the Royal Horses?

30. Which official was responsible for supervising the Elephants in the Bahamani royal palace administration?

31. Who supervised the Royal Kitchen among the Bahamani palace officers?

32. Which officer tasted the royal food as a safety measure in the Bahamani palace?

33. Consider the following pairs of Bahamani royal palace posts and their functions: (I) Sarabdar – Supervisor of water supply (II) Khertadar – Additional officer of the troops (III) Shahnai-i-Barag – Superintendent of the Court (Durbar) Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

34. Which two chroniclers detailed many of the jobs and recruitment methods of the Bahamani administration?

35. Who enhanced the value of the Durbar by giving it a place in the Takt-i-Feroz?

36. On which day of the week did the Bahamani durbar traditionally begin?

37. Into how many Tarafs (regional states) did the Bahamani rulers divide their kingdom?

38. What was the officer in charge of a Taraf called?

39. Which Taraf's territory included Junnar and Paithan?

40. Which title did Alauddin Hassan confer on the Tarafdar of Gulbarga?

41. Which title was given to the Tarafdar of Daulatabad by Alauddin Hassan?

42. The Berar Tarafdar was given which title under Alauddin Hassan?

43. Which title did the Telangana Tarafdar receive from Alauddin Hassan?

44. In the Bahamani provincial administrative hierarchy, into what smaller units were Tarafs subdivided?

45. Which unit of administration was considered the most important and key unit for administration in the Bahamani system?

46. Which officer was responsible for maintaining peace, law, and order in the area of a fort?

47. Who handled both civil and military affairs within a Taraf, per the provincial administration structure?

48. Consider the following statements regarding Tarafdars: (I) Tarafdars were appointed personally by the Sultan. (II) Tarafdars looked after peace, law, and order in their area. (III) The assistants of Tarafdars were appointed on the Tarafdar's own advice. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

49. Which region did Mohammad Gavan originally belong to, near the 'Refta' in northern Iran?

50. In which year did Mohammad Gavan reach Mustafabad-Dhabol in the Deccan as a trader?

51. At what age did Mohammad Gavan settle in the Deccan, coming from Iran?

52. In which year was Mohammad Gavan appointed Prime Minister of the Bahamani kingdom?

53. Which Bahamani Sultan appointed Mohammad Gavan as Prime Minister?

54. Consider the following statements regarding Mohammad Gavan's military reforms: (I) Yusuf Adil was appointed Sar-Lashkar of Daulatabad. (II) Malik Hassan was appointed Sar-Lashkar of Telangana. (III) Fatullah was appointed Sar-Lashkar of Berar. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

55. Who was appointed as Sar-Lashkar of Telangana under Mohammad Gavan's reforms?

56. In which year was Mohammad Gavan murdered?

57. Name the two books written by Mohammad Gavan.

58. In which year did Mohammad Gavan build a great Madarsa (college) at Bidar?

59. Which of the following scholars visited the college built by Gavan at Bidar?

60. Which kingdom's ruler attacked Telangana in 1475, taking advantage of a severe famine in the Deccan?

61. Into how many types was the Bahamani military administration divided?

62. Who headed the central military system of the Bahamani kingdom?

63. An officer who maintained 500 soldiers was granted how much land or income as Iqta (Jagir)?

64. During Alauddin Hasan's period, how many horse-riders did the central government army have?

65. What was the infantry strength of the central government army during Alauddin Hasan's period?

66. Later, during Muhammad Shah and others' period, to what strength did the central government army increase?

67. In the regional military system, who headed the army and was also called "Sar-Lashkar"?

68. Under the regional army system, the number of soldiers under a Tarafdar's control sometimes increased to how many?

69. What was the place where guns and other firing weapons were kept in the Bahamani army called?

70. Who was the head of the Atish Khana, where guns were kept?

71. Per Faristha, Muhammad Shah defeated the Vijayanagara king mainly through the use of which weapon?

72. Which chronicler detailed the wars of Muhammad Shah (1482–1518), including strategies, attacks, and weapons used?

73. Consider the following statements regarding the Bahamani army: (I) The army included both Hindu and Muslim soldiers. (II) The army was divided into many Lashkars, each with elephants and guns. (III) Soldiers took their wives along to the battlefield. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

74. What was considered the "secret" of the Bahamani rulers' victories in war?

75. Whose seat was regarded as the Supreme Court in the Bahamani judicial system?

76. To which sect of Islam did the Bahamani rulers themselves belong?

77. Consider the following pairs regarding the sectarian affiliation of Deccan Muslim dynasties: (I) Imad Shahis (Berar) – Sunni (II) Barid Shahi (Bidar) – Sunni (III) Bijapur, Ahmadnagar, and Golconda rulers – Shia Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

78. All Bahamani rulers administered law according to which legal system?

79. Who was beheaded, with his body displayed on the main road, for sending letters without the Sultan's prior permission?

80. The grandson of Hazrat Sayyad Gesudaraj was publicly punished with 200 lashes for which offence?

81. Under Humayun Shah Bahamani, Saif Khan was punished by which method for opposing his accession?

82. Prince Hassan Khan, who rebelled against Humayun Shah, was punished in which manner?

83. Who was the judicial officer next to the Sultan, supervising judicial enquiry, punishment, and severity of crimes?

84. Who headed the judiciary within each Taraf (provincial state)?

85. In the Bahamani judicial system, who served as the judge in cities?

86. In big cities, which official assisted the Khaji in discharging his duties?

87. Who was appointed to every court to explain legal matters and preserve judgments by writing them?

88. Which officials were appointed to check whether people were really following the Shariat, creating religious awareness among them?

89. What was the advocate appointed to solve the disputes of soldiers called?

90. Who was appointed as Khaji Asker during Alauddin Hassan Bahamani's period?

91. In the Pargana, who served as the judge, handling only civil cases with the help of a Havaldar and a Majlis?

92. The head of the Pargana was called Havaldar, and was also known by which other name?

93. After the conquest of Warangal, which sultan established "Thanas" headed by a Thanedar?

94. In the villages, who conducted the administration, resolving disputes and holding judicial enquiries?

95. What was the title of the police officer posted in the capital, every city, and forts, acting as both police commissioner and municipal commissioner?

96. In cities, which officer assisted the Kotwal?

97. Which Bahamani sultan was the first to appoint the office of Siladar, following the practice of the Delhi Sultans?

98. Along with the five Siladars, how many bodyguards were appointed for round-the-clock protection of the Royal Palace?

99. The officer known as Samaubat, belonging to the upper strata, was established with how many bodyguards?

100. In big cities, which officer assisted the Kotwal in controlling crime?

101. Which family, along with the Nimbalkars of Paithan, Manes of Masvad, and Godjes of Malawadi, retained some influence due to the Tughluq rule's earlier patronage?

102. Consider the following statements about the Gorpajis, Nimbalkars, Manes, and Godjes families under Bahamani rule: (I) They could not secure any posts in the council of ministers. (II) They became army officers in the Jagirs due to their close relations with Hassan. (III) They were completely excluded from all administrative roles. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

103. The upper class in the Bahamani kingdom was divided into which two competing groups?

104. Who successfully controlled the rivalry between the Dakhanis and Garibhus during his tenure?

105. Which class was regarded as the upper class in 14th-century Deccan society?

106. After the Kshatriyas, which group played an important role and held key positions in society?

107. In the Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagara, which group was considered among the low-class people, along with Jogis and Marwars?

108. Marriage within the same caste was practiced among Brahmins, but marriage within which unit was strictly prohibited?

109. Marriage with a niece (sister's daughter) was in vogue among which community?

110. Whose writings mention that queens of the defeated Reddy kings performed Sati after the Bahamanis defeated them?

111. Which book greatly praises the practice of Sati?

112. Excavations providing evidence of Bahamani-period house construction (mud walls on hard stone foundations) were found at which location?

113. Besides rice, which of the following grains were also eaten in the Bahamani period?

114. Which oil was largely consumed in the Deccan during the Bahamani period?

115. In Brahmin localities, which foods were not eaten, per Niketan's account?

116. Which two works are cited as supporting the existence of child marriages during this period?

117. Which title, held by an individual who rose to high status in trade and commerce, was also the title later held by Mohammad Gavan?

118. Consider the following statements regarding cottage industries encouraged during the Bahamani period: (I) Bidar, Gulbarga, and Warangal became famous for cottage industries. (II) Raichur, Nanded, Bhuvanagiri, and Nirmal also became famous for cottage industries. (III) These industries provided employment and benefits to artisans. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

119. What was the main occupation of the people in the Bahamani economy?

120. Which type of land referred to dry land in the Bahamani revenue classification?

121. "Magani" land, as classified in the revenue system, referred to which type of land?

122. Under whose supervision was the land survey conducted during Mohammad Shah's rule?

123. Consider the following statements regarding Bahamani land tax policy: (I) Wet and cash crops attracted more tax than dry lands. (II) Fallow land received tax exemption. (III) Land donated to temples and mosques was tax-exempt. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

124. Iron and steel works during the Bahamani period were conducted mainly at which place?

125. Which regions manufactured cheaper silk clothes during the Bahamani period?

126. Amirs purchased "Pagadis" (a type of head-dress) manufactured at which places?

127. Which craft, popular for pot-making, became famous not only in India but also in foreign countries and remains popular today?

128. For which craft did Bidar become especially popular?

129. Warangal became famous for which of the following crafts?

130. Consider the following statements regarding war equipment manufactured in the Deccan: (I) Nalgonda, Bhuvanagiri, and Adilabad were popular for making swords, water cans, bows, knives, and arrows. (II) Nirmal was popular for the copper trade linked to mines at Chota Nagapur. (III) Marco Polo noted this copper trade. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

131. Which traveler mentioned Raichur diamonds?

132. From which port was leather exported to Arabia and Persia?

133. Which Bahamani ruler possessed boats bigger than those of the Italians?

134. Which city was very famous for its textile industry, exporting Calico and Muslin to Persia, Arabia, and East Africa?

135. Which traders purchased and exported Bijapur's Calico and Muslin cloth, per Barbosa's account?

136. Velvet, Scarlet, Satin, and Damask cloth were imported into the Bahamani kingdom from which place?

137. Which port was noted as a very important port among the Bahamani export centers?

138. According to Barbosa, sugar in large quantity was exported from the Bahamani kingdom to which regions?

139. Which contemporary work mentions the different taxes imposed on various items during Bahamani rule?

140. On which item was there no tax at all during the Bahamani period?

141. Bahamani currency was primarily minted at which two locations?

142. Besides gold and silver, which other metal was used to make Bahamani coins?

143. During whose period were big-measurement coins introduced?

144. Consider the following statements regarding Saivism leaders of the Bhakti movement: (I) Tirugnana Sambandhar was a leader. (II) Tirunavakkarasu was a leader. (III) Sundara Murthy and Manikavashar were also leaders. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

145. Which group of saints inspired Vaishnava philosophy, including figures such as Andal, Kulashekar, and Nammalvar?

146. Who led another strand of the Bhakti movement, with Nadamuni, Ramanuja, and Nimbarka as key figures?

147. In which century was the Lingayat movement born in Karnataka?

148. Who started the Lingayat movement, along with Chenna Basava?

149. What did the Lingayat movement teach, apart from criticizing the caste system?

150. The Vithoba temple at Pandaripur was a pious place for which two communities?

151. Which deity was the chief god at the pious place Ganagapur?

152. Sirpur near Akola was a worship place associated with which religion?

153. Riddipur, near Buldana, is famous for which sect?

154. Khaja Bande Nawaz Gesudaraj, the chief Sufi exponent of Gulbarga, belonged to which order of Sufism?

155. Which Sufi settled in the Deccan and expanded the Khadri branch of Sufism?

156. Hindu-Muslim social integration in the Deccan spread widely under which ruler, who followed the Hindu calendar system and was revered by Hindus as a saint?

157. In which district did the "Nada" sect rise, with Yogi preachers spreading their own dharma?

158. In which century did the Dattatreya sect grow strong in the Deccan, attracting many Muslim followers known as "Pahipakirlu"?

159. The Bahamani Sultans patronized the Urdu language, which was then known by what name?

160. Trivikram Bharati of Kumashi was a great Vedic researcher of which century?

161. What art developed into a prominent art form at the Bidar Madarsa library developed by Gavan?

162. At Elichpur, which educational school was established, collecting 3,000 Dinars as yearly fees?

163. Jnanadev, a Maharashtra ascetic, wrote which famous work?

164. Which sect was established by Chakradhar, who wrote "Laila Charitra" in Marathi?

165. Into which three parts was "Laila Charitra" divided?

166. Who led the Bhagavata sect?

167. Consider the following pairs of scholars and their works: (I) Ravalo Bhasa – Guhyadri Varnana (II) Narayanabasa – Raddipurva Varnana (III) Meru Swamy – Bheemopadesham and Ramasohalalu Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

168. Who wrote "Panchadashi" and "Jeevanmukti-Viveka," as well as "Sarvadarshana Samgraha"?

169. Dharmaraja Dwari wrote which philosophical work?

170. Which scholar preached the Dvaita philosophy?

171. Who preached the Advaita philosophy, as noted alongside Madhavacharya's Dvaita philosophy?

172. Who was the first great poet under the rule of the Bahamanis, writing "Putawat Salaatin"?

173. In which two languages was "Anishul-Ushak," written by Khaja Bande Nawaz Gesudaraj, compiled?

174. What was the full name of the poet known as "Adhari"?

175. Adhari died without completing which work, which was later finished by Nazeeri and Sami?

176. During whose rule did the scholar Nazeeri earn great renown?

177. What is the title of the important book written by Faristha, useful for analyzing socio-economic and religious conditions of the period?

178. Who wrote "Life of Mohammad Gavan," which helps understand the contemporary conditions of the period?

179. Where did Bahamani rulers start their constructions first, building mosques and tombs?

180. In which year did Muhammad Shah construct a great mosque at Gulbarga?

181. Who supervised the construction of the great mosque built by Muhammad Shah at Gulbarga?

182. During whose rule was Gesudaraj's Darga constructed, taking seven years to complete?

183. During which ruler's period was the capital shifted from Gulbarga to Bidar?

184. Consider the following statements regarding architects who came to Bidar under Ahmad Shah Wali: (I) Architects came from Turkey and Baghdad. (II) Architects came from Iran and Arabia. (III) Architects came from Rome and North India. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

185. Which 16-pillar mosque was constructed at Bidar?

186. Which structure was beautifully constructed within the Bidar fort?

187. Gagan Mahal, Tarkash Mahal, Cheeni Mahal, and Nageen Mahal were built during the rule of which ruler?

188. At which village were the tombs of Bahamani rulers built, including the notably large tomb of Ahmad Shah Wali?

189. Who carried out the construction of Bidar town?

190. The Rauz-i-Shiek and Feroz Shah's tombs were built within which complex?

191. Who was the last ruler of the Bahamani kingdom, ruling nominally for three years before dying in 1527?

192. Into how many successor kingdoms did the Bahamani kingdom split after its collapse?

193. Consider the following pairs of Bahamani successor kingdoms and their seats: (I) Barid Shahi – Bidar (II) Qutub Shahi – Golconda (III) Adil Shahi – Bijapur Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

194. Which successor kingdom was established at Ahmadnagar after the Bahamani kingdom's collapse?

195. Which successor kingdom was established at Berar after the collapse of the Bahamani kingdom?

196. How many sultans ruled the Bahamani kingdom over its 182-year history?

10. Bahamani Sultans