1. The Cross Roads case, which held that freedom of circulation is essential to freedom of the press, arose from a banning order issued under which state's Maintenance of Public Order Act?
2. In A.K. Gopalan vs. State of Madras (1950), the Supreme Court held that the expression "procedure established by law" under Article 21 does not carry the same meaning as which American constitutional expression?
3. Which Section of the Preventive Detention Act, 1950 was invalidated in the A.K. Gopalan case for violating Article 22?
4. The Communal GO struck down in State of Madras vs. Champakam Dorairajan (1951) was held to violate which Articles of the Constitution?
5. The Champakam Dorairajan judgement led to the insertion of which new clause in Article 15, permitting special provisions for socially and educationally backward classes?
6. In Shankari Prasad vs. Union of India (1951), the Supreme Court held that Parliament's amending power under Article 368 also extends to which Part of the Constitution?
7. The Berubari Union case (1960) held that cession of Indian territory to a foreign state requires an amendment under Article 368 altering which Schedule?
8. Which Amendment Act gave effect to the transfer of the Berubari Union territory to Pakistan, following the Supreme Court's 1960 ruling?
9. The K.M. Nanavati case (1961), concerning the murder of his wife's paramour, brought out shortcomings that ultimately led to the abolition of which system of trial in India?
10. In I.C. Golak Nath vs. State of Punjab (1967), the Supreme Court held that a constitutional amendment act is a "law" within the meaning of which Article?
11. The Golak Nath judgement applied which doctrine to give its ruling only prospective, and not retrospective, operation?
12. Which Amendment Act was enacted as a sequel to the Golak Nath case, providing that Parliament has power to amend any part of the Constitution including fundamental rights?
13. The Kesavananda Bharati case (1973) is credited with the emergence of which doctrine as a limitation on Parliament's amending power?
14. In the Kesavananda Bharati case, the Supreme Court validated which Amendment Act, passed the same year as the 24th and 25th Amendments?
15. In Indira Nehru Gandhi vs. Raj Narain (1975), the Supreme Court struck down Clause (4) of which Article, which had barred election disputes involving the Prime Minister from judicial review?
16. Clause (4) of Article 329A, struck down in the Indira Nehru Gandhi case, had been inserted by which Amendment Act?
17. The A.D.M. Jabalpur case (1976), popularly known as the Habeas Corpus case, upheld the constitutional validity of Section 16A(9) of which Act?
18. Which Amendment Act nullified the A.D.M. Jabalpur ruling by providing that Article 21's enforcement cannot be suspended by a Presidential Order?
19. Consider the following propositions laid down in Maneka Gandhi vs. Union of India (1978):
(I) Articles 14, 19 and 21 are not mutually exclusive
(II) The expression "personal liberty" in Article 21 is of the widest amplitude
(III) The right to life includes only physical existence and excludes human dignity
Which of the above is/are correct?
20. The Maneka Gandhi judgement overruled the restrictive interpretation of Article 21 laid down in which earlier case?
21. Which rule, establishing the inter-relation of Articles 14, 19 and 21, was firmly established by the Maneka Gandhi judgement?
22. In Bachan Singh vs. State of Punjab (1980), the Supreme Court held that the death penalty for murder should be confined to which category of cases?
23. The Minerva Mills case (1980) invalidated Clauses (4) and (5) of Article 368, along with the amendment to which other Article, both inserted by the 42nd Amendment Act (1976)?
24. Waman Rao vs. Union of India (1980) held that amendments to the Ninth Schedule made after which date are open to challenge on the ground that they damage the basic structure?
25. In the Shah Bano case (1985), the Supreme Court held that which Section of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 is secular in character and prevails over personal law in case of conflict?
26. Which Act was enacted in 1986 to overturn the effect of the Shah Bano judgement by limiting maintenance to the period of iddat?
27. D.C. Wadhwa vs. State of Bihar (1986) held that the ordinance-making power under Article 213 cannot be used as a substitute for which body's law-making power?
28. In M.C. Mehta vs. Union of India (1986), popularly known as the Oleum Gas Leak case, the Supreme Court introduced which new principle of liability in place of the earlier principle of strict liability?
29. Kihoto Hollohan vs. Zachillhu (1992) declared paragraph 7 of the Tenth Schedule unconstitutional for violating which Article?
30. Consider the following statements regarding the Indra Sawhney case (1992):
(I) The Court upheld 27% reservation for OBCs under Article 16(4)
(II) The Court upheld an additional 10% reservation for economically backward sections not covered by existing schemes
(III) The judgement led to the exclusion of the creamy layer among OBCs
Which of the above is/are correct?
31. The Indra Sawhney case led to the establishment of a statutory National Commission to examine complaints regarding the list of backward classes; this Commission is known as the:
32. Mohini Jain vs. State of Karnataka (1992), the Capitation Fee case, declared the right to education a fundamental right flowing from which Article?
33. The Unni Krishnan case (1993) held that children have a fundamental right to free education only up to what age?
34. Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association vs. Union of India (1993), the Second Judges case, changed the meaning of the word "consultation" in Articles 124(2) and 217(1) to that of:
35. The procedure for appointing judges to the Supreme Court and High Courts that emerged from the Second Judges case (1993) and the Third Judges case (1998) is popularly known as the:
36. Consider the following propositions laid down in S.R. Bommai vs. Union of India (1994) regarding Article 356:
(I) The validity of the President's proclamation under Article 356(1) is subject to judicial review
(II) The burden lies on the Union Government to prove that relevant material existed to justify the proclamation
(III) If a proclamation is held invalid, the court cannot restore the Legislative Assembly even if Parliament has approved it
Which of the above is/are correct?
37. S.R. Bommai vs. Union of India (1994) held that which principle is part of the basic structure, such that anti-secular acts of a State Government can justify President's Rule?
38. Vishaka vs. State of Rajasthan (1997) held that sexual harassment of women at the workplace violates which Articles of the Constitution?
39. Vineet Narain vs. Union of India (1997), the Jain Hawala case, directed that statutory status should be conferred upon which body?
40. In Union of India vs. Association for Democratic Reforms (2002), the Poll Reforms case, the Supreme Court held that a voter's right to know a candidate's antecedents forms part of the freedom guaranteed under:
41. T.M.A. Pai Foundation vs. State of Karnataka (2002) held that for determining "minority" status under Article 30, the relevant unit is:
42. Which Amendment Act was enacted to overcome the effect of the T.M.A. Pai judgement and the Inamdar case (2005), inserting Clause (5) into Article 15?
43. Union of India vs. Naveen Jindal (2004) held that the right to fly the national flag with respect and dignity is a fundamental right under which Article?
44. Prakash Singh vs. Union of India (2006) issued seven directives on police reforms, including a minimum tenure of two years for which post, to be selected from the three senior-most officers empanelled by the UPSC?
45. M. Nagaraj vs. Union of India (2006) upheld the validity of Constitutional Amendment Acts inserting which two clauses into Article 16, enabling reservation in promotions for SCs and STs?
46. I.R. Coelho vs. State of Tamil Nadu (2007), the Ninth Schedule case, reaffirmed the ruling of which earlier case regarding the date after which Ninth Schedule additions are open to challenge?
47. Aruna Ramachandra Shanbaug vs. Union of India (2011) held that passive euthanasia is permissible, but any decision to withdraw life support requires approval from which authority?
48. People's Union for Civil Liberties vs. Union of India (2013), the NOTA case, directed the Election Commission to introduce a "None of the Above" option primarily to protect a voter's:
49. Lily Thomas vs. Union of India (2013) struck down Section 8(4) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, holding that disqualification of a convicted legislator takes effect:
50. T.S.R. Subramanian vs. Union of India (2013) directed that civil servants should not act on verbal instructions, and that such instructions must instead be:
51. National Legal Services Authority vs. Union of India (2014) declared transgender persons, along with Hijras/Eunuchs, as a:
52. Shreya Singhal vs. Union of India (2015) struck down Section 66A of which Act for being violative of Article 19(1)(a)?
53. The Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association case of 2015, popularly known as the Fourth Judges case or NJAC case, declared which Amendment Act unconstitutional for affecting the independence of the judiciary?
54. Shayara Bano vs. Union of India (2017), the Triple Talaq case, declared "talaq-e-biddat" unconstitutional for violating which Article?
55. K.S. Puttaswamy vs. Union of India (2017) declared the right to privacy a fundamental right, protected as an intrinsic part of which Article?
56. The K.S. Puttaswamy judgement overruled two earlier decisions that had held privacy is not constitutionally protected; these were the M.P. Sharma case (1954) and which other case?
57. Indian Young Lawyers Association vs. State of Kerala (2018), the Sabarimala case, struck down which rule that prohibited entry of women aged 10–50 into the temple?
58. Joseph Shine vs. Union of India (2018) decriminalised adultery by striking down which Section of the Indian Penal Code?
59. Navtej Singh Johar vs. Union of India (2018) decriminalised homosexuality by partly striking down which Section of the Indian Penal Code?
60. M. Siddiq vs. Mahant Suresh Das (2019), the Ayodhya case, awarded the disputed land to which party?
61. Anuradha Bhasin vs. Union of India (2020) held that an order suspending internet services indefinitely is impermissible under which Rules?
62. Rambabu Singh Thakur vs. Sunil Arora (2020) directed political parties to publish criminal antecedents of selected candidates, with reasons for selection based on:
63. Internet and Mobile Association of India vs. Reserve Bank of India (2020) struck down an RBI circular banning dealings in virtual currencies for violating which Article?
64. Which case first declared the right to travel abroad as part of the protection under Article 21?
65. In which year did the Supreme Court, in Olga Tellis vs. Bombay Municipal Corporation, recognise the right to livelihood as part of Article 21?
66. Which case declared the 99th Amendment Act, 2014 unconstitutional in its entirety, on the ground that it affected the independence of the judiciary?
67. In P. Sambamurthy vs. State of Andhra Pradesh (1986), the Supreme Court declared a clause of which Article, inserted by the 32nd Amendment Act, as unconstitutional?
68. Which two landmark cases together led to the enactment of the 1st Amendment Act, 1951, on grounds of freedom of the press and communal reservation respectively?
69. Which case, popularly known as the Mandal case, led to the enactment of five separate amendment acts spanning 1994 to 2001?
70. The doctrine of severability is also known by which other name?
71. Which Article of the Constitution forms the basis of the doctrine of severability?
72. Consider the following statements regarding Article 13:
(I) Article 13(1) deals with pre-constitution laws
(II) Article 13(2) deals with post-constitution laws and prohibits the State from making laws that abridge fundamental rights
(III) Under Article 13(2), such a law is void in its entirety even if only one provision violates fundamental rights
Which of the above is/are correct?
73. According to the doctrine of severability, if the invalid part of a law cannot be separated from the valid part, what is the effect?
