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19. Chief Minister, State Council of Ministers and State Legislature
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1. In the parliamentary system of government, the Chief Minister represents which kind of executive authority?
2. The position of the Chief Minister at the state level is analogous to which position at the Centre?
3. Which Article of the Constitution provides that the Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor?
4. When no party has a clear majority in the assembly, the Governor usually asks the appointed Chief Minister to seek a vote of confidence within what period?
5. A person who is not a member of the state legislature can be appointed Chief Minister for a maximum of how long before being elected to the legislature?
6. A Chief Minister may be a member of which House(s) of the state legislature?
7. As per Sarkaria Commission recommendations, if a single party has an absolute majority in the Legislative Assembly, who should automatically be asked to become Chief Minister?
8. Consider the following statements regarding the Sarkaria Commission's order of preference for selecting a Chief Minister when no single party has a majority:
(I) An alliance of parties formed prior to the elections
(II) The largest single party staking a claim with the support of others, including independents
(III) A post-electoral coalition of parties, with all partners joining the government
Which of the above is/are part of the recommended order of preference?
9. As per the Sarkaria Commission, a Chief Minister who is not the leader of a party with absolute majority should seek a vote of confidence within how many days of taking over?
10. As per the Sarkaria Commission, when rival claims to majority support are contested before the Governor, what is the prudent course of action?
11. Before entering office, the Chief Minister is administered which two oaths by the Governor?
12. The term of the Chief Minister is not fixed and he/she holds office during whose pleasure?
13. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that a Chief Minister cannot be dismissed by the Governor as long as he/she enjoys majority support in the assembly?
14. The salary and allowances of the Chief Minister are determined by whom?
15. The Governor appoints only those persons as ministers who are recommended by whom?
16. Whose resignation or death automatically dissolves the entire council of ministers?
17. Which Article specifically deals with the Chief Minister's duty to communicate Council of Ministers' decisions to the Governor?
18. The Chief Minister advises the Governor on the appointment of which of the following officials?
19. Who can recommend the dissolution of the legislative assembly to the Governor at any time?
20. The Chief Minister acts as the chairman of which body?
21. The Chief Minister acts as vice-chairman of the concerned zonal council by rotation, holding office for what period at a time?
22. The Chief Minister is a member of the Inter-State Council and the Governing Council of NITI Aayog, both of which are headed by whom?
23. Which Article provides that ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor and that the Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the legislative assembly?
24. Which Article deals with the rights of Ministers as respects the Houses of the state legislature?
This chapter is dense (Articles 163/164/166/167/177, composition, cabinet, cabinet committees) — estimated around 40-45 atomic questions, within the single-batch threshold.
25. Which Article of the Constitution deals with the status of the Council of Ministers to aid and advise the Governor?
26. Which Article deals with the appointment, tenure, responsibility, qualifications, oath, and salaries of ministers?
27. As per Article 163, the advice tendered by Ministers to the Governor shall be enquired into by which authority?
28. Which Amendment Act excluded Bihar from the requirement of having a tribal welfare minister?
29. Which Amendment Act limited the total number of ministers, including the Chief Minister, to 15 per cent of the total strength of the legislative assembly?
30. As per the 91st Amendment Act, the minimum number of ministers, including the Chief Minister, in a state shall not be less than what?
31. The 91st Amendment Act, 2003 also disqualified a member of the state legislature from being appointed a minister if disqualified on which ground?
32. A minister who is not a member of the state legislature must become a member of either House within how many consecutive months, failing which he/she ceases to be a minister?
33. As per Article 166, all executive action of the Government of a State shall be expressed to be taken in whose name?
34. Under Article 166, who makes rules for the allocation of business among ministers, except where the Governor is required to act at discretion?
35. Which Article lays down the duty of the Chief Minister to communicate all Council of Ministers' decisions to the Governor?
36. As per Article 177, every minister has the right to speak and take part in proceedings of the Assembly and Council, but is not entitled to what?
37. In which case did the Supreme Court hold that the Governor must act on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers except in matters of discretion?
38. The other ministers, apart from the Chief Minister, are appointed by the Governor on whose advice?
39. A minister who is a member of one House of the state legislature can speak in the other House but may vote only in which House?
40. Before entering office, a minister is administered which two oaths by the Governor?
41. The salaries and allowances of ministers are determined by whom?
42. Which fundamental principle underlies the working of the parliamentary system, as stated under Article 164?
43. When the legislative assembly passes a no-confidence motion against the Council of Ministers, which ministers are required to resign?
44. Under the principle of individual responsibility, the Governor can remove a minister only on whose advice?
45. Is there a constitutional provision for legal responsibility of ministers in the states, requiring countersignature of a Governor's public act order?
46. Who determines the size of the state Council of Ministers and the ranking of ministers, since the Constitution does not specify this?
47. Consider the following statements regarding the categories of ministers in a state Council of Ministers:
(I) Cabinet ministers head important departments and attend cabinet meetings
(II) Ministers of state are always members of the cabinet
(III) Deputy ministers are not given independent charge of departments
Which of the above is/are correct?
48. Deputy Chief Ministers, when included in the Council of Ministers, are appointed mostly for what reason?
49. Which smaller body, consisting only of cabinet ministers, is described as the real centre of authority in the state government?
50. The Cabinet is described as an advisory body to whom?
51. Cabinet committees are of how many types?
52. Cabinet committees are set up by whom, causing their number, nomenclature, and composition to vary over time?
53. Decisions taken by cabinet committees can be reviewed by which body?
54. The term "ministry" or "ministries," referring to divisions of government, is used at which level of government in India?
55. Which Article deals with the conduct of business of the Government of a State?
56. Which range of Articles in Part VI of the Constitution deals with the organisation, composition, duration, officers, procedures, privileges and powers of the state legislature?
57. As of the current position described in the text, how many states have a bicameral legislature?
58. Consider the following statements regarding legislative councils in Indian states:
(I) The Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council was abolished by the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019
(II) The Tamil Nadu Legislative Council Act, 2010 has come into force and is operational
(III) The Legislative Council in Andhra Pradesh was revived by the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council Act, 2005
Which of the above is/are correct?
59. Which Amendment Act provided for a Legislative Council in Madhya Pradesh, though it has never actually been notified?
60. In a unicameral state, the state legislature consists of the Governor and which other component?
61. The legislative council, being the upper house, is also known as the house of elders and is referred to in Hindi as what?
62. Which Article of the Constitution provides for the abolition or creation of legislative councils in states?
63. To abolish or create a legislative council, the concerned state legislative assembly must pass a resolution by what kind of majority?
64. Is the Parliament's Act under Article 169 abolishing or creating a legislative council deemed to be a constitutional amendment for the purposes of Article 368?
65. In which year was the Legislative Council of Andhra Pradesh originally created, before its later abolition and revival?
66. In which year was the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council abolished, prior to its 2007 revival?
67. The legislative councils of Punjab and West Bengal were both abolished in which year?
68. What is the maximum strength fixed for a state legislative assembly?
69. What is the minimum strength fixed for a state legislative assembly under the general rule?
70. In case of Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Goa, the minimum strength of the legislative assembly is fixed at what number?
71. The minimum strength of the legislative assembly is fixed at 40 for Mizoram and at what number for Nagaland?
72. The provision for nomination of one member from the Anglo-Indian community to the state legislative assembly ceased to have effect on which date?
73. For the purpose of holding direct elections to the assembly, each state is divided into what?
74. The demarcation of territorial constituencies ensures uniformity of what, throughout the state?
75. Which Amendment Act froze the total number of seats in each state's assembly and its division into territorial constituencies at the 1971 level, till the year 2000?
76. The 84th Amendment Act of 2001 extended the ban on readjustment of assembly seats up to which year?
77. Which Amendment Act provided that delimitation of constituencies would be done on the basis of the 2001 census rather than the 1991 census, without altering the total number of seats?
78. Under the 104th Amendment Act of 2019, reservation of seats for SCs and STs in state legislative assemblies is set to last until which year?
79. What is the maximum strength of a state legislative council, expressed as a fraction of the assembly's total strength?
80. What is the minimum strength fixed for a state legislative council?
81. Though the Constitution fixes the maximum and minimum limits for a legislative council's strength, its actual strength is fixed by whom?
82. Of the total members of a legislative council, what fraction is elected by members of local bodies such as municipalities and district boards?
83. What fraction of legislative council members is elected by graduates of three years' standing residing within the state?
84. What fraction of legislative council members is nominated by the Governor from persons with special knowledge or practical experience in literature, science, art, cooperative movement and social service?
85. Members of a legislative council are elected in accordance with which electoral system?
86. Among the states, which has the highest number of seats in its legislative assembly?
87. What is the normal term of the state legislative assembly from the date of its first meeting after general elections?
88. The term of the legislative assembly can be extended during a national emergency by a law of Parliament, for how long at a time?
89. After a national emergency ceases to operate, within how many months must the extended assembly be re-elected?
90. Is the state legislative council, like the Rajya Sabha, subject to dissolution?
91. What fraction of legislative council members retire on the expiration of every second year?
92. Vacant seats in the legislative council arising from retirement are filled by fresh elections and nominations at the beginning of every which year?
93. What is the minimum age prescribed for a person to be chosen as a member of the legislative council?
94. What is the minimum age prescribed for a person to be chosen as a member of the legislative assembly?
95. As per the Representation of the People Act, 1951, a person to be qualified for the Governor's nomination to the legislative council must satisfy which additional requirement?
96. Under the Constitution, a person is disqualified from being a member of the state legislature if he/she holds any office of profit under the Union or state government, except which office?
97. Which of the following is a constitutional ground for disqualification of a member of the state legislature?
98. Under the Representation of the People Act, 1951, conviction for an offence resulting in imprisonment for how many years or more results in disqualification?
99. Under the Representation of the People Act, a person is disqualified if they are a director or managing agent, or hold an office of profit, in a corporation in which the government has at least what percentage of share?
100. On the question of whether a member has become subject to disqualification, whose decision is final?
101. Disqualification on the ground of defection is governed by which Schedule of the Constitution?
102. The question of disqualification on the ground of defection for a member of the legislative assembly is decided by whom?
103. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the Speaker/Chairman's decision on disqualification under the Tenth Schedule is subject to judicial review?
104. Every member of either House of the state legislature must make and subscribe to an oath or affirmation before whom, before taking their seat?
105. What is the daily penalty for a person who sits or votes as a member in a House before taking the prescribed oath?
106. If a person is elected to both Houses of the state legislature simultaneously, what happens to their membership?
107. A member's seat can be declared vacant by the House if he/she is absent from all its meetings for a period of how many days without permission?
108. A member's resignation from a House takes effect and the seat falls vacant when what occurs?
109. Among the "other cases" of vacation of seat, a member must vacate his/her seat in the state legislature if elected to which office?
110. A member of the state legislature must also vacate his/her seat if appointed to which office?
111. Who elects the Speaker of the state legislative assembly?
112. A resolution to remove the Speaker of the assembly can be moved only after giving how many days' advance notice?
113. A resolution to remove the Speaker must be passed by what kind of majority?
114. The Speaker of the assembly resigns by writing to whom?
115. Which of the following powers is exercised by the Speaker but NOT by the Chairman of the Legislative Council?
116. The Speaker does not vote in the first instance but may exercise what kind of vote in case of a tie?
117. The Speaker is the chairman of which of the following committees of the assembly?
118. The Deputy Speaker of the assembly is elected after the election of whom has taken place?
119. The Deputy Speaker resigns by writing to whom?
120. The panel of chairman for the assembly, who may preside in the absence of both the Speaker and Deputy Speaker, is nominated by whom?
121. The salaries and allowances of the Speaker, Deputy Speaker, Chairman and Deputy Chairman are charged on which fund, making them not subject to annual vote?
122. Who elects the Chairman of the legislative council?
123. The panel of vice-chairman for the council, who may preside in the absence of both the Chairman and Deputy Chairman, is nominated by whom?
124. What is the maximum permissible gap between two sessions of the state legislature?
125. Who has the power to summon each House of the state legislature to meet?
126. Termination of a sitting of the state legislature for an indefinite period is termed what?
127. The power of adjournment, including adjournment sine die, lies with whom?
128. Unlike an adjournment, a prorogation terminates what?
129. Which House of the state legislature is subject to dissolution?
130. On dissolution of the assembly, what happens to a bill pending in the assembly?
131. On dissolution of the assembly, does a bill passed by the assembly but pending assent of the Governor or President lapse?
132. What is the quorum required to transact business in a House of the state legislature?
133. If there is no quorum during a meeting, it is the duty of the presiding officer to do what?
134. All matters at any sitting of either House are decided by what kind of majority of members present and voting, excluding the presiding officer?
135. The state legislature was authorised to decide whether to continue or discontinue English as a floor language after how many years from the commencement of the Constitution, i.e., from 1965?
136. For Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura, the time limit for continuing English as a floor language was fixed at how many years?
137. For Arunachal Pradesh, Goa and Mizoram, the time limit for continuing English as a floor language was fixed at how many years?
138. Every minister and the Advocate General of the state have the right to speak and take part in proceedings of either House, but are subject to what restriction?
139. An ordinary bill can be introduced in a bicameral state legislature by whom?
140. An ordinary bill passes through how many stages (readings) in the originating House?
141. In a unicameral state legislature, a bill passed by the assembly is sent directly to whom for assent?
142. When a bill passed by the assembly is transmitted to the council, how many alternatives does the council have before it?
143. At most, for how long can the legislative council detain or delay an ordinary bill passed by the assembly?
144. If the council does not take any action on a bill for three months, what may the assembly do?
145. Does the Constitution provide for a joint sitting mechanism to resolve a deadlock between the two Houses of a state legislature over an ordinary bill?
146. If an ordinary bill originates in the council, is sent to the assembly, and is rejected by the assembly, what happens to the bill?
147. When the Governor returns a bill for reconsideration and it is passed again by the House(s) with or without amendments, what is the Governor's obligation?
148. When the President returns a bill reserved by the Governor for reconsideration of the state legislature, within what period must the House(s) reconsider it?
149. Is it obligatory under the Constitution for the President to give assent to a bill presented again after reconsideration following reservation by the Governor?
150. A Money Bill can be introduced in the state legislature only in which House?
151. A Money Bill can be introduced only on whose recommendation, and only by whom?
152. After a Money Bill is passed by the assembly and transmitted to the council, within how many days must the council return it?
153. Can the legislative council reject or amend a Money Bill?
154. If the council does not return a Money Bill to the assembly within 14 days, what is deemed to have happened?
155. When a Money Bill is presented to the Governor, which alternative is NOT available to him/her?
156. As per the Sarkaria Commission's classification, a bill which so derogates from the powers of the High Court as to endanger its constitutional position must be reserved for the President's consideration under which Article?
157. As per the Sarkaria Commission's classification, a bill relating to the imposition of taxes on water or electricity in certain cases attracts the provisions of which Article, requiring mandatory reservation for the President?
158. As per the Sarkaria Commission's classification, bills relating to acquisition of estates, intended to secure immunity from Articles 14 and 19, may be reserved for the President's consideration under which Article?
159. A bill relating to a subject in the Concurrent List, reserved for the President to secure operation despite repugnancy to a Union law, falls under which Article?
160. A bill imposing restrictions on trade and commerce, requiring prior Presidential sanction not earlier obtained, relates to which Article?
161. Unlike the Rajya Sabha at the Centre, does the Constitution provide for a joint sitting mechanism to resolve deadlocks between the two Houses of a state legislature over ordinary bills?
162. At the Centre, can the Lok Sabha override the Rajya Sabha on an ordinary bill by passing it a second time?
163. Consider the following statements comparing the deadlock mechanism for ordinary bills at the Centre and in the states:
(I) At the Centre, the mechanism of joint sitting applies to a bill originating in either the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha
(II) At the state level, the mechanism of passing the bill a second time applies only to a bill originating in the legislative assembly
(III) At the state level, if a bill originating in the council is rejected by the assembly, the bill ends and becomes dead
Which of the above is/are correct?
164. With regard to money bills, both at the Centre and in the states, within how many days must the second House return the bill with or without recommendations?
165. Regarding resolution of deadlocks over money bills, why does the Constitution not provide any resolution mechanism at either the Centre or the state level?
166. In which sphere are the powers and status of the legislative council broadly equal to that of the assembly?
167. Ministers, including the Chief Minister, can be members of either House of the state legislature, but are responsible only to which House?
168. Which of the following powers is exclusively vested in the legislative assembly and NOT shared with the council?
169. Can the legislative council remove the council of ministers by passing a no-confidence motion?
170. The legislative council does not participate in the election of which two constitutional functionaries/bodies?
171. Whose will prevails over the council's in the ratification of a constitutional amendment bill by a state legislature?
172. The very existence of the legislative council depends on the will of which body, since it can be abolished by Parliament on that body's recommendation?
173. The pattern of relationship between the two Houses of a state legislature, where the council must yield to the assembly, is adopted from which model?
174. In Britain's House of Lords model, for how long can an ordinary bill be delayed at most?
175. Critics have described the weak and insignificant legislative council using which of the following terms?
176. Which of the following is cited as a ground supporting the utility of the legislative council despite its lesser powers?
177. To whom has the Constitution extended the privileges of the state legislature, apart from members, among persons entitled to speak in its proceedings?
178. Do the privileges of the state legislature extend to the Governor, who is also an integral part of the state legislature?
179. Which of the following is a collective privilege enjoyed by each House of the state legislature?
180. As a collective privilege, no legal process can be served within the precincts of the House without whose permission?
181. As an individual privilege, members cannot be arrested during the session and for how many days before and after such session?
182. The individual privilege of freedom of speech for a member of the state legislature is subject to what?
183. As an individual privilege, members of the state legislature are exempted from what civic duty?
184. Which Article deals with the constitution of legislatures in the states?
185. Which Article deals with the composition of the legislative assemblies?
186. Which Article deals with the composition of the legislative councils?
187. Which Article deals with the duration of state legislatures?
188. Which Article deals with the qualifications for membership of the state legislature?
189. Which Article deals with sessions of the state legislature, prorogation and dissolution?
190. Which Article provides for the Governor's right to address and send messages to the House or Houses?
191. Which Article deals with the special address by the Governor?
192. Which Article deals with the rights of Ministers and the Advocate-General as respects the Houses of the state legislature?
193. Which Article provides for the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly?
194. Which Article deals with vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker?
195. Which Article provides for the Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council?
196. Which Article deals with vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman?
197. Which Article deals with the salaries and allowances of the Speaker, Deputy Speaker, Chairman and Deputy Chairman?
198. Which Article provides for the Secretariat of the State Legislature?
199. Which Article deals with oath or affirmation by members of the state legislature?
200. Which Article deals with voting in Houses and the power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies, and quorum?
201. Which Article deals with vacation of seats?
202. Which Article lays down the disqualifications for membership of the state legislature?
203. Which Article deals with the decision on questions as to disqualifications of members?
204. Which Article prescribes the penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation, or when not qualified or disqualified?
205. Which Article deals with the powers, privileges, etc. of the House of Legislature and of its members and committees?
206. Which Article deals with salaries and allowances of members of the state legislature?
207. Which Article contains provisions as to the introduction and passing of Bills?
208. Which Article deals with the restriction on powers of the Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills?
209. Which Article lays down the special procedure in respect of Money Bills?
210. Which Article provides the definition of "Money Bills"?
211. Which Article deals with assent to Bills?
212. Which Article deals with Bills reserved for consideration of the President?
213. Which Article deals with the annual financial statement?
214. Which Article deals with the procedure in the legislature with respect to estimates?
215. Which Article deals with Appropriation Bills?
216. Which Article deals with supplementary, additional or excess grants?
217. Which Article deals with votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants?
218. Which Article contains special provisions as to Financial Bills?
219. Which Article deals with rules of procedure of the state legislature generally?
220. Which Article deals with the language to be used in the state legislature?
221. Which Article restricts discussion in the state legislature regarding the conduct of judges of the Supreme Court or High Courts?
222. Which Article bars courts from inquiring into the proceedings of the state legislature?
223. Which Article empowers the Governor to promulgate ordinances during the recess of the state legislature?
224. Which Act provided for the abolition of the Legislative Council of the State of Andhra Pradesh in 1985?
225. Which Act provided for the creation of the Legislative Council for the State of Tamil Nadu in 2010?