1. Who presided over the session of the Constituent Assembly of India that met at 11 p.m. on August 14, 1947?
2. Who delivered the "Tryst with Destiny" speech as the first Prime Minister of Independent India?
3. At which gate of the Red Fort did Nehru hoist the Indian national flag on August 15, 1947?
4. Who served as Deputy Prime Minister of India until his death in December 1950?
5. Who served as Governor-General of India immediately after Lord Mountbatten?
6. On which date did India become a republic?
7. Who was elected as independent India's first President?
8. Consider the following pairs regarding the first Council of Ministers of Independent India:
(I) John Mathai – Railways and Transport
(II) Jagjivan Ram – Labour
(III) Amrit Kaur – Commerce
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
9. Which minister in the first Council of Ministers belonged to the Hindu Mahasabha and was the first to resign from the cabinet, in April 1950?
10. Which minister resigned from the first Council of Ministers in 1951, having belonged to the Scheduled Castes Federation?
11. Who acted as a minister without portfolio serving as the link between the union government and the cabinet of East Punjab?
12. Consider the following statements regarding the first Council of Ministers of Independent India:
(I) Nehru additionally held the portfolio of Scientific Research.
(II) Patel additionally held Information and Broadcasting.
(III) R.K. Shanmukham Chetty was the Minister of Finance.
Which of the above is/are correct?
13. How many other members assisted Nehru when he took charge as the first Prime Minister of India on August 15, 1947?
14. Consider the following statements about the immediate challenges before independent India:
(I) Rehabilitation of nearly 60 lakh refugees who migrated from Pakistan.
(II) Abolition of the feudal set-up in agriculture.
(III) Territorial and administrative integration of princely states.
Which of the above is/are correct?
15. Framing of the Constitution for India was classified under which category of challenge before the newborn nation?
16. National integration and poverty alleviation were classified under which category of challenge for independent India?
17. The Indian Independence Act laid down the procedure for resolving how many major problems arising from partition?
18. Which of the following was NOT one of the three major problems addressed under the Indian Independence Act's partition procedure?
19. Who chaired the Boundary Commission appointed to demarcate the India-Pakistan boundary?
20. Within how many weeks was the Boundary Commission required to draw the boundaries and decide disputed points?
21. Consider the following statements about the Boundary Commission:
(I) It consisted of two Muslim and two non-Muslim judges in each case.
(II) The 1941 census formed the basis of its decisions.
(III) Its report was made public before August 15, 1947.
Which of the above is/are correct?
22. Which community, treated as a third party besides Hindus and Muslims, demanded that all its holy shrines be included in East Punjab?
23. The Boundary Commission's report, though ready by August 12, 1947, was intentionally released by Lord Mountbatten after which date?
24. Which region received the largest territorial area under the Radcliffe Boundary Award?
25. The number of Muslims left as a minority population in India was initially estimated at 42 million but was later revised down to what figure?
26. According to an estimate, approximately how many people were killed in the communal riots following partition, across both sides of the border?
27. Consider the following statements:
(I) Around 60,000 people were killed on the western side and 120,000 on the eastern side of the border.
(II) Bengal experienced comparatively less violence than Punjab, largely due to Gandhi's efforts.
(III) The Garhmukteswar violence took place in Bihar.
Which of the above is/are correct?
28. In which month and year did communal riots first begin, even before the formal announcement of partition?
29. How many men did the governor-general assemble to form the Boundary Force to control anticipated rioting?
30. Whose decision not to allow British troops to intervene against the rioting is cited as a reason the Boundary Force itself became divided along communal lines?
31. Who presided over the Partition Council set up to resolve the division of civil government?
32. Consider the following statements regarding the Partition Council:
(I) It consisted of two representatives each from India and Pakistan.
(II) It was assisted by a steering committee at the operational level.
(III) H.M. Patel and Mohammad Ali were part of this steering committee.
Which of the above is/are correct?
33. What share of the total cash balances did Pakistan seek during the division of finances?
34. Approximately how much was the amount of the 'sterling balance' owed to Pakistan that the Indian government had withheld?
35. Gandhi undertook a fast conditional on the transfer of withheld funds owed to which country?
36. Who headed the Joint Defence Council set up as Supreme Commander for dividing the armed forces after partition?
37. Consider the following statements about the division of defence personnel and equipment:
(I) Muslim-majority units were to be transferred to Pakistan and non-Muslim units to India.
(II) The post of Supreme Commander was abolished due to differences between the two parties.
(III) British troops completed their withdrawal from India by February 1948.
Which of the above is/are correct?
38. From which date did British troops begin leaving India after partition?
39. Who assassinated Mahatma Gandhi on January 30, 1948?
40. At which location was Mahatma Gandhi shot dead?
41. On which date was Mahatma Gandhi assassinated?
42. On which date was the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) banned by the government following Gandhi's assassination?
43. In which month and year was the ban on the RSS lifted?
44. Which statement did Nehru make in his radio address after Gandhi's assassination, reflecting the national mood?
45. Who appealed to the people after Gandhi's death not to seek revenge but to follow his message of love and non-violence?
46. Which ministry did the Indian government establish specifically to look after refugees following partition?
47. Consider the following statements regarding refugee rehabilitation in East Punjab:
(I) Refugee camps were run until 1949.
(II) Urban refugees were provided industrial and vocational training schemes.
(III) Rural refugees were given land, agricultural loans and housing subsidies.
Which of the above is/are correct?
48. In refugee rehabilitation in East Punjab, which group is noted to have generally received better entitlements due to social, cultural, and political capital?
49. By 1948, which section of Hindus had predominantly migrated to West Bengal by arranging exchange of property or jobs individually?
50. The fresh outbreak of violence in Khulna during December 1949–January 1950 led to large-scale migration of which group toward West Bengal?
51. By 1951, approximately how many Hindu refugees had arrived in West Bengal following the renewed violence?
52. On which date was the Delhi Pact on Minorities (Liaquat-Nehru Pact) signed?
53. Who signed the Delhi Pact on Minorities on behalf of Pakistan?
54. Which Hindu nationalist leader resigned from the Nehru cabinet in protest against the Liaquat-Nehru Pact?
55. Which Maharashtra city, known as the "city of joy," was specially developed to settle refugees from Sindh?
56. In September 1948, Indian army intervention brought which princely state under Indian control despite little resistance from its ruler?
57. Which movement, led by the communists, complicated the internal politics of Hyderabad around the time of its accession to India?
58. The slogan "ye azadi jhooti hai" denouncing Indian independence as fake was raised by which organisation in December 1947?
59. In its Second Congress held in Calcutta (February-March 1948), the CPI adopted a political line associated with which leader, its then general secretary?
60. In September 1947, which thesis did Russia announce as an answer to the Marshall Plan, encouraging greater activism among international communist parties?
61. Consider the following statements on why Indian communists were sceptical about independence:
(I) They believed class struggle and armed insurgency were necessary to shift mass attention away from communal hatred.
(II) They were encouraged by communist successes in countries like China, Malaya, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Burma.
(III) They believed the Congress government represented genuine national liberation.
Which of the above is/are correct?
62. Which movement was revived in West Bengal as part of the spread of communist insurgency after independence?
63. In which month and year was the CPI banned in West Bengal?
64. In January 1948, what type of law was passed in West Bengal to imprison communist leaders without trial?
65. Consider the following statements about divisions within the Communist Party of India after independence:
(I) There were divisions between the 'Chinese line' and the 'Russian line' within the leadership.
(II) These divisions widened after the failure of a proposed railway strike.
(III) The proposed railway strike was scheduled for May 9, 1949.
Which of the above is/are correct?
66. Which three communist leaders criticised the CPI's organisation for its faulty strategies in September 1950?
67. At which Party Congress did the CPI endorse a significant shift in policy, deciding to withdraw the Telangana movement?
68. In which month and year was the Third Party Congress of the CPI held in Calcutta, where the shift away from armed insurgency was endorsed?
69. Following its policy shift, in which general election did the Indian communists participate, marking their move to constitutional democracy?
70. What did the CPI decide to build after withdrawing the Telangana movement, per its Third Party Congress decision?
